For decades we have known that an enzymatic process called glycosylation is abnormal in cancerous cells and other diseased human tissues, yet therapeutic strategies addressing this biochemical change have remained elusive. An attempt to modify the glycosylation process has become a new target for therapeutics. This theme will address a range of targets for human health by applying knowledge gained in glycomics over the last decade, with the aim to bridge the gap between fundamental advances and therapeutic applications in cancer, inflammation and cardiovascular disease.